Amoxicillin

Semisynthetic antibiotic of the broad-spectrum penicillin group. Acid-stable. Destroyed by penicillinase.

Amoxicillin. The molecular weight of 365.41.

Amoxicillin sodium salt. The molecular weight of 387.89.

Amoxicillin trihydrate. Solubility (mg / ml): in water 4.0; in methanol 7.5; in absolute alcohol 3.4; insoluble in hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile. The molecular weight of 419.45.

Pharmacology
Pharmacological action — bactericidal, antibacterial broad spectrum.
It inhibits transpeptidase, disrupts the synthesis of peptidoglycan (supporting protein of the cell wall) during the period of division and growth, and causes the lysis of microorganisms. Сontact if you want buy amoxicillin.

It has a wide range of antimicrobial effects. Active against aerobic gram-positive microorganisms — Staphylococcus spp. (except for strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., including Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, aerobic gram-negative microorganisms — Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae, some strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, as well as Helicobacter p.

Does not affect indole-positive strains of Proteus (P.vulgaris, P.rettgeri); Serratia spp., Enterobacter spp., Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas spp. Rickettsia, mycoplasmas, viruses are resistant to its action.

When taken orally as a suspension in doses of 125 mg / 5 ml and 250 mg / 5 ml, it is rapidly and well absorbed (75–90%), creating Cmax (1.5–3.0 μg / ml and 3.5–5, 0 μg / ml, respectively) after 1–2 hours. When taken orally in the form of capsules at doses of 250 and 500 mg Cmax (3.5–5.0 μg / ml and 5.5–7.5 μg / ml, respectively) also achieved after 1–2 hours. Stable in an acidic environment, food intake does not affect absorption.

With parenteral administration, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the tissues and body fluids; Cmax in the blood is detected 1 hour after i / m administration and remains at the therapeutic level after parenteral administration for 6–8 hours.

Binding to plasma proteins is about 20%. It easily passes histohematological barriers, except for an unchanged BBB, and quickly penetrates most tissues and body fluids; accumulates in therapeutic concentrations in the peritoneal fluid, urine, skin blisters, pleural effusion, lung tissue, intestinal mucosa, female genital organs, middle ear fluid, gall bladder and bile (with normal liver function), fetal tissues (passes through the placental barrier ) T1 / 2 is 1–1.5 hours. In case of impaired renal function, T1 / 2 is extended to 4–12.6 hours, depending on the creatinine clearance. Partially metabolized to form inactive metabolites. 50–70% is excreted by the kidneys unchanged by tubular secretion (80%) and glomerular filtration (20%), 10–20% by the liver. In trace amounts is determined in blood serum 8 hours after ingestion. A small amount is excreted in breast milk.

The use of the substance Amoxicillin
Bacterial infections caused by sensitive pathogens: infections of the respiratory tract and ENT organs (bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis), genitourinary system (urethritis, cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, cervicitis), skin and soft tissues (erysipelas, impetigo, secondarily infected dermatoses), abdominal infections and gastrointestinal tract infections (peritonitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonellosis, salmonella carriage); leptospirosis, listeriosis, meningitis, sepsis, Lyme disease (borreliosis), gonorrhea; Helicobacter pylori eradication (as part of combination therapy); prevention of endocarditis and surgical infection.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity (including to other penicillins), infectious mononucleosis.

Application restrictions
Polyvalent hypersensitivity to xenobiotics, allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, lymphocytic leukemia, a history of gastrointestinal diseases (especially colitis associated with the use of antibiotics), renal failure.

Pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, it is possible if the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus (adequate and strictly controlled studies in pregnant women have not been conducted).